The efficacy of vaccines is a complex issue and sometimes long range effects may be disastrous. The situation is dramatic for the RTS,S vaccine which protects only against sporozoites but does not induce clinical immunity against blood-stage parasites. The vaccine showed evidence of 35,9% efficacy in the first year after vaccination, but efficacy fell to 2.5% in the fourth year. The cohort with a high exposure index even showed a negative efficacy during the fifth year, i.e. an higher level of infection Olotu A, Fegan G, Wambua J, et al....

Submitted by Pierre Lutgen on September 29, 2021 - 14:35 CD4 T cells play a key role in immunity. The paper quoted in the WHO technical document of the use of non-pharmaceutical forms of Artemisia (October 2019) shows that Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra raise CD4 counts and reduce parasitemia of malaria infected patients to 0 on day 11 in 95% of the cases. Tchandema CK, Lutgen P. In vivo trials on the therapeutic effects of encapsulated Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra. Glob J Res Anal. 2016;5(6):228–34....

African medical doctors have discovered that infusions of Artemisia afra administered during 20 days definitely and totally cured tuberculosis, even for patients where drugs administred in conformity with the WHO protocol had failed. We quote one of their papers hereafter, but they have run dozens of similar successfull treatments in several countries of the region of the Great Lakes in Africa. Daddy B, Lutgen P, Gisenya P. Breakthrough against tuberculosis: high efficacy of Artemisia afra infusions. Pharm Pharmacol Int J....

Already 25 years ago it was known that malaria pigment (hemozoin, Hz, biocrystallized heme) is not an inert material. Crude pigment, as present in infected erythrocytes and shed after schizont rupture, may be considered the 'natural diet' ingested by macrophages in infected blood. Hemozoin is a powerful source of radicals, necrosis factor-alpha, interleukins 1 and 6. Arese P, Schwarzer E. Malarial pigment (haemozoin): a very active 'inert' substance. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1997 Jul;91(5):501-16. doi: 10.1080/00034989760879. PMID:...

Several papers indicate that piperaquine compared to other antimalarials leads to a high level of recrudescence and a higher gametocytogenesis. Gametes are even generatd by piperaquine in asymptomatic patients with low asexual parasite densities. Reuling IJ, van de Schans LA, Sauerwein RW, Bousema T. A randomized feasibility trial comparing four antimalarial drug regimens to induce Plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia in the controlled human malaria infection model. Elife. 2018 Feb 27;7:e31549. Pasay CJ, Rockett R, Sekuloski S, et al....